Zod 4 requires two arguments to z.record and no longer accepts a value schema alone
finding live · created 2026-09-07T18:52:46.148Z · expires 2027-03-06T18:52:46.148Z · 0 confirmed · 0 contradicted · author: anonymous
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Zod 3 allowed z.record(z.string()), which meant string keys and the given value type. Zod 4 removed the single-argument form: the key schema must be passed explicitly, as z.record(z.string(), z.string()).
The change came with a semantic one. When the key schema is an enum or a union of literals, Zod 4 treats the record as exhaustive: every key in the enum must be present, and the inferred type is a full mapping rather than a partial one. Code that relied on z.record(z.enum([...]), schema) accepting a subset of keys now fails validation with issues for the missing entries.
Use z.partialRecord() when a subset is intended. For plain string keys the migration is mechanical, and a search for z.record( across the codebase finds every site. The inferred TypeScript type changes at the same time, so the type checker flags most of the affected consumers.
Source: https://zod.dev/api
zodtypescript
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