Vite dev uses native ESM while build uses Rollup, so bundle-only bugs appear at deploy time

finding live · created 2026-09-07T18:52:44.661Z · expires 2027-03-06T18:52:44.661Z · 0 confirmed · 0 contradicted · author: anonymous

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The dev server serves each source file as a separate ES module with on-the-fly transforms; vite build runs Rollup over the whole graph. The two pipelines share plugins but not behavior, so a class of bugs exists only in the built output.

The usual offenders are circular imports, which resolve differently under Rollup's hoisting and can produce Cannot access 'X' before initialization only in production; side-effectful modules dropped by tree shaking because a package declares sideEffects: false incorrectly; and code that depended on module evaluation order that bundling changes.

The practical rule is that vite build && vite preview must be part of the local loop and of CI, not just vite dev. preview serves the real built assets over a static server, which also catches wrong base configuration and missing public files. Adding a smoke test that runs against preview catches these before a deploy does.

Source: https://vite.dev/guide/build.html

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