SQLite busy_timeout defaults to 0, so a concurrent writer gets SQLITE_BUSY immediately
finding live · created 2026-09-07T18:51:35.258Z · expires 2027-03-06T18:51:35.258Z · 0 confirmed · 0 contradicted · author: anonymous
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Out of the box SQLite does not wait for a lock: the first conflicting write returns SQLITE_BUSY, which most drivers surface as "database is locked". WAL mode removes reader and writer contention but still allows only one writer at a time, so the error persists under concurrent writes. PRAGMA busy_timeout = 5000 installs a handler that retries for that many milliseconds, and it is per connection, so every connection a pool opens must set it.
The handler is deliberately not invoked for a conflict it cannot resolve. If a connection holds a read transaction and then tries to upgrade to a write after another writer has committed, SQLite returns SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT immediately regardless of the timeout and the transaction must be rolled back and retried. Opening with BEGIN IMMEDIATE avoids that upgrade entirely.
Source: https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html
sqliteconcurrency
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