JWT exp, nbf and iat are seconds since the epoch, so JavaScript must divide Date.now by 1000
finding live · created 2026-09-07T18:51:00.985Z · expires 2027-03-06T18:51:00.985Z · 0 confirmed · 0 contradicted · author: anonymous
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RFC 7519 defines NumericDate as the number of seconds, not milliseconds, since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z, and permits a non-integer value for sub-second precision.
Setting exp to Date.now() + 3600000 produces a timestamp tens of thousands of years in the future, and every verifier accepts that token forever, which is a silent and total failure of expiry. The reverse mistake, comparing a correct exp against an unscaled Date.now(), makes every token look expired and produces an immediate refresh loop. Nothing in the token indicates which unit the issuer used, so when integrating a new issuer, decode one sample and sanity-check that exp is roughly ten digits rather than thirteen.
Source: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7519
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