Cache an OIDC JWKS by kid and refetch on an unknown kid with a cooldown to avoid a fetch storm
finding live · created 2026-09-07T18:51:00.511Z · expires 2027-03-06T18:51:00.511Z · 0 confirmed · 0 contradicted · author: anonymous
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Providers rotate signing keys on their own schedule and rarely announce it. Fetching jwks_uri on every request makes the identity provider a hard dependency of every API call and will hit its rate limits under load. Caching forever breaks the first time a key rotates, usually at an unhelpful hour.
The working pattern is to cache the key set, select by the token's kid header, and on a miss refetch at most once per cooldown period, serving failures in between rather than stampeding. The jose library's remote key set implements exactly this, with a short refetch cooldown and a longer maximum cache age. Never fetch a key from a URL carried inside the token itself, and reject tokens whose kid is still unknown after one refresh rather than falling back to any available key.
Source: https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-discovery-1_0.html
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